Puerto Rico y los autos electricos.

[Jose M. Rodriguez]

Segun veo el propio petroleo esta acelerando el cambio hacia la transportacion electrica, como ejemplo el alza descomunal en el precio de la gasolina a raiz del huracan Ike en el sur de los Estados Unidos donde se esta pagando mas de $5.00 por galon del combustible.

¿Hasta donde cambiariamos nuestros estilos de vida para movernos sin el petroleo?

Fuera del costosisimo Tesla Roadster($100,000.00), en los Estados Unidos han empezado a aparecer varios automoviles totalmente electricos por debajo de los $15,000.00.

El primero de estos es el Zap Xebra; Auto de fabricacion china, de tres ruedas, que se vende mayormente en la costa oeste de la nacion con un precio que fluctua en los $11,500. Ahora mismo es el auto electrico con la velocidad de crucero mas alta a 40mph con una autonomia de cerca de 20 millas.

Esta compañia no goza de buena reputacion debido a la continua falla de poder cumplir con las cuotas de produccion, pero esto puede cambiar, pues ya se realizan negociasiones en el estado de Kentucky para la manufactura de estos en el pais.

Otro fabricante, el cual goza de muy buena reputacion es el Zenn, de origen canadiense, el cual cuesta cerca de $15,000, dependiendo de las opciones, pues hasta con A/C se puede conseguir.

Este auto tiene un chasis de aluminio con frenos de disco en las cuatro ruedas, y carroceria de plastico a prueba de abolladuras. En Europa se consigue con un pequeño motor diesel de dos cilindros.

El ZENN esta regulado como un NEV(neighborhood electric vehicle) por el gobierno federal, restringiendo su velocidad a 25mph y uso en carreteras con un tope de 35mph.

Aparte de estos autos, hay un movimiento de individuos, cada vez mas fuerte, que realizan sus propias conversiones de vehiculos normales a unos de propulsion electrica, cuyos ejemplos se pueden ver en YouTube.

¿Como nos puede ayudar estos autos? Primero eliminando los costos asociados con el manteniemto regular como lo son los cambios de aceite y filtro, filtros de aire, y bujias por ejemplo.

Segundo seria la erradicacion del uso del combustible, pues aun aqui saldria mas barato usar un carro electrico para viajes cortos, como por ejemplo cuando se trabaja a menos de 10 millas del hogar, o se nesecita ir de compras.

A pesar de sus limitaciones yo tendria un auto electrico para ir al trabajo y viajes cortos, para todo lo demas mi carrito de 4 cilindros.

[milton]

Pensamientos, algunos en voz alta y tratando de no complicar el asunto.

Mmmm, quien nos estara engañando? Los autos electricos, podrian ser autos nucleares o de carbon?. De donde creen que (actual y futuro real), saldra el combustible para ser utilizado para generar la energia electrica para recargar las baterias del auto electrico? Escojan entre los candidatos: petroleo, carbon, gas natural, biogas, hidrogeno, nuclear, fotovoltaico, eolico, biodiesel, geotermal, mareas, olas, etc..
Quienes escojan el hidrogeno, ya sea para generar energia electrica o en su uso en celdas de combustible para autos, les tengo malas noticias, tiene el mismo problema de como se habra de generar, ya que en la actualidad, se consume mas energia en producirlo que lo que genera a su vez (sin mencionar perdida por ineficiencia).
Se imaginan la cantidad de energia electrica que habria que generar para recargar las baterias si todos los autos en Puerto Rico fueran electricos? De que fuente se generaria?
Ya conocen la mala costumbre de las fuerzas del mercado de la energia tradicional (petro, gas, carbon), entre mas demanda, mas caro es su costo. Seria lo mismo con las fuentes de energia alternativas?
Para mi, el coche electrico habria de ser, casi lo ideal, (el casi es debido a su limitada capacidad de carga electrica y distancia a recorrer - autonomia). Seria magnifico si personalmente pudiera generar la energia requerida para su operacion.
Mas pensamientos en voz alta?

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Adjunto algunos estudios sobre las tecnologías para transportación:

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Necesito el parecer de los demás en este foro:

En un sistema en Net Metering: ¿Debe estar el contador de la casa como parte del sistema a ser certificado por laboratorio externo a la AEE?

Sus observaciones serán articuladas en un documento a ser trabajado como borrador para enmiendas a los reglamentos para equipos y sistemas renovables en; Aero, Foto, Hidro y bio.

Antes del salir para el seminario sobre "Cap &Trade", nos reunimos con la Adm. Energía de PR.

Asistieron por parte de la AAE: Lcda. Amador- Ayudante Especial del Administrador y el Ing. Benítez - Asesor.

Por parte del capítulo de PR del USGBC: Arq. Jeanette Rullán - Presidenta

Por APEV: Ing. Sánchez- Asesor , Allan Rivera-Presidente

Asuntos que tratamos:

La AAE quiere que se traten los sistemas eólicos, fotovoltaicos, hidrólicos y biocombustibles con reglamentos específicos.

Sobre Eólicos, se dejó efectivo el reglamento de 1989 de la administración en lo que se trata el tema de fotovoltaico (Ver nuestro blog en eólicos para copia).

Sobre Fotovoltaico:

El borrador de reglamento sugerido por AAE, ACONER y CIAPR estará para el lunes en este blog. en resumen:

- Equipos certificados en la Florida Energy Center

- No incluyen certificar metros digitales ni metros bidirecionales a ser instalados por la AEE

- Garantías y mantenimiento según Ley #114

- Educación Continuada certificada según ley #114, más :

- Ingenieros electricistas:
- 40 horas en temas específicos

- Peritos Electricistas:
- Tenemos especial preocupación en la manera que la AAE aborda este tema. Son 7,000 PE en Puerto Rico. Necesitamos al menos el 10% de estos certificados para cubrir el 1% de las necesidades de la isla y el CPEPR se niega a que se le someta a las mismas condiciones que a ingenieros así como el gobierno intervenir en asuntos de colegiados. El acercamiento ha sido hostíl entre las partes dándole APEV mucho peso a varios de los alegatos de los PE.

APEV le ha dicho al CPEPR que para que abramos los abonados residenciales las puertas de nuestro hogar a las renovables, queremos estar seguros de que el Perito conoce los más recientes seminarios de equipo e instalación así como la parte legal y administrativa para certificar Peritos Electricistas ante las juntas y agencias certificantes.

El otro escollo es el Departamento de Hacienda. Se desconoce el proceso de certificación que le exigirá a la AAE para que el contratista certifique y entregue al dueño de la residencia para reclamar su crédito contributivo de 2007-2008, 2008-2009.

Tenemos que prepararnos para los llamados "Comités de transición". En ellos, colocaremos algunos de los pasos a dar en los primeros 100 días en cualquier dirección. Su participación es necesaria.

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December 4, 2008 by Faiz Shakir, Amanda Terkel, Satyam Khanna, Matt Corley, Benjamin Armbruster, Ali Frick, and Ryan Powers
ECONOMY
Auto Rescue, Take Two

Last month, the CEOs from Detroit's Big Three automakers -- General Motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler -- came to Washington, D.C. to ask Congress for a $25 billion loan to help their struggling companies stay afloat and avoid potential collapse. However, what began as a legitimate call for help turned into a fiasco, starting with the revelation that the companies' chief executives traveled to the nation's capital in private jets -- separately. Moreover, none had an actual plan of what he would do with the requested funds. As House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) explained, "Until they show us the plan, we cannot show them the money." Just yesterday, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) expressed pessimism that Congress would dole out the funds to Detroit. "I just don't think we have the votes to do that now," he said. Indeed, a new CNN poll out yesterday found that 61 percent of Americans oppose any taxpayer rescue. But today, the Big Three's leaders return to Capitol Hill, this time having submitted detailed plans of action. They even ditched their private jets, instead opting to drive to Washington in their respective companies' hybrid cars (a move one political commentator called "a little hokey"). Their combined plans call for nearly $10 billion more than the amount previously sought, with GM and Chrysler asking for $4 and $7 billion respectively now just to stay above water. Ford has indicated it can survive through 2009 but that it wanted $9 billion in loans to draw upon if necessary." Nevertheless, Detroit has shown some progress. The Big Three plan to cut jobs, reduce employee benefits, eliminate factories and dealerships and purge or sell unsuccessful brands (for example, the Hummer). The CEOs also agreed to work for $1 per year and reduce executive pay. But for any rescue to be awarded and successful, the federal government should work to address rising health care costs and Detroit's automakers must make good on promises to increase fuel economy and adhere to strict environmental standards.

UNIONS TO MAKE CONCESSIONS: Last month, United Automobile Workers (UAW) President Ron Gettelfinger noted that labor costs make up just 8 percent to 10 percent of the cost of a vehicle and that the focus of an auto industry rescue "has to be on the economy as a whole as opposed to a UAW contract." But in a major shift, he said yesterday that the UAW is willing to make major concessions in its contracts to help the Big Three lobby Congress for the $34 billion in aid, a move that could swing some in Congress to sign on. Gettelfinger said "the union would suspend the much-criticized 'jobs bank' program, which allows laid-off workers to continue drawing nearly full wages." "This should be interpreted as a meaningful and a painful sacrifice," said Harley Shaiken, a labor relations professor at the University of California at Berkeley. The jobs bank was "something the union worked over decades to achieve." Because health care represents a significant portion of U.S. automakers' costs, Gettelfinger also said the UAW would "agree to delay the multibillion-dollar payments to a new retiree health care fund that the automakers were scheduled to start making next year."

DETROIT'S HEALTH CARE BURDEN: The growing burden of providing health care benefits has contributed significantly to U.S. automakers' dwindling profits. Health care costs add $1,525 to the price tag of every GM vehicle. In 2007, the company paid more for health care than it did for steel. Indeed, billionaire businessman and philanthropist Warren Buffet has called GM "a health and benefits company with an auto company attached." Detroit's soaring health care costs make American automobiles less competitive because companies such as Toyota and Honda benefit from Japan's universal health care system. For example, Toyota "paid $1,400 less per vehicle on health care" and makes $2,400 more per car than American manufacturers. In fact, in June 2005, despite strong competition from U.S. states, the company chose to locate a new plant in Ontario, Canada, citing the country's national health service serving as a "big selling point." The fractured U.S. health care system inflates health care costs and expects U.S. automakers and other businesses to pick up the tab. Thus, this system not only reduces profitability, but decreases competitive advantages and drives away jobs.

THE GREEN CHALLENGE: Last month, Reid and Pelosi argued that any federal aid to the Big Three automakers should come with "strong conditions" such as requirements that automakers manufacture more fuel efficient vehicles. As a result, in their plans submitted to Congress this week, Ford and GM offered ideas to significantly increase their fleets' fuel economy; Chrysler's plan was less detailed. Ford committed to increase the fuel economy of its entire fleet by more than one-third by 2016. While GM plans to focus on hybrid and electric vehicles to increase its cars' mileage, the company's strategy also relies heavily on flex fuel technology, developing cars that can run on gasoline or E85 -- a mix of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. While this will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence of foreign oil in theory, the reality is that E85 is mostly unavailable throughout most of the country. Any such plan would have to be accompanied by a pledge by oil companies to dramatically increase E85 availability. In its plan, Ford called for a nationwide fuel economy standard, which is code for opposition to California's groundbreaking greenhouse gas emission standards that would reduce pollution in the state 30 percent by 2016. Sixteen other states have adopted California's rule. Ford argues that the patchwork of standards raises costs "with little or no environmental benefit." As Center for American Progress Action Fund Senior Fellow Daniel J. Weiss noted, the Big Three should adopt California's standard because its program "would spur innovations that further reduce vehicle emissions. There would be worldwide demand for such super-clean cars, creating new marketing opportunities."

[Luis Lopez]

SALUDOS A TODOS EN EL FORO. ESE MISMO ENFOQUE DE TENER UN 'SPARE CAR' PARA VIAJES CORTOS, IR DE COMPRAS Y SIN GASTOS DE COMBUSTIBLE HA GENERADO UNA 'FIEBRE" A NIVEL MUNDIAL QUE CRECE CADA DIA. MUCHA GENTE ENTUSIASTA RETAN SU INGENIO Y HAN GENERADO LAS IDEAS MAS ASOMBROSAS Y DIVERTIDAS QUE SE PUEDAN IMAGINAR. EL WEB ESTA REPLETO DE PAGINAS QUE CUBREN EL TEMA. CHEQUEATE ESTA: www.velomobiling.com
OTROS VAN UN POQUITO MAS CIENTIFICOS Y ESTAN SUSTITUYENDO EL MOTOR DE COMBUSTION INTERNA POR TURBINAS TESLA QUE ELLOS MISMOS CONSTRUYEN. LAS TURBINAS TESLA SE HACEN MONTANDO EN UN SHAFT UNA CANTIDAD DE DISCOS CON SUPERFICIE BIEN PULIDA Y DEJANDO UN GAP ENTRE DISCO Y DISCO DE APROXIMADAMENTE 1/32 DE PULGADA. LUEGO SE ENCAPSULA EN UNA CAMARA QUE TIENE LOS PUERTOS DE ENTRADA Y SALIDA DEL COMBUSTIBLE QUE DESEAS USAR, AIRE, AGUA, HIDROGENO, ORINA, CERVEZA, LO QUE QUIERAS.SOLO BOMBEALO A PRESION HACIA ADENTRO DE LA CAMARA, Y PONES EN FUNCION DOS CARACTERISTICAS QUE TIENEN LOS FLUIDOS LIQUIDOS Y GASEOSOS.... ADHESION Y COHESION (DESCUBRIMIENTOS DE NIKOLAS TESLA). LA EFICIENCIA Y POTENCIA DE ESTE SENCILLO MOTORCITO ES 10 VECES MAYOR QUE EL MEJOR MOTOR DE COMBUSTION INTERNA QUE PUEDAS IMAGINAR . SI DESEAN APRENDER MAS SOBRE EL ASUNTO VISITEN EL PORTAL DE 'PHOENIX TESLA BUILDERS CLUB' OTRO SITE LLENO DE INFORMACION ES EL SITE DE FRANK GERMANO "THE MASTER INDEX OF FRANK GERMANO WEB PAGE' QUE PORQUE EXISTIENDO LA TECNOLOGIA SEGUIMOS INMERSOS EN LA MISMA MIERDA Y PROBLEMATICA DEL COMBUSTIBLE FOSIL ? MUY SENCILLO.. LOS INTERESES MEZQUINOS DE LA RAZA HUMANA, INTERESES EN CONFLICTODE LOS POCOS SOBRE LOS MUCHOS.
OTRO PEQUENO DETALLITO QUE DESEO ACLARAR. EL GENERAR HIDROGENO YA NO REQUIERE UNA CANTIDAD ENORME DE ELECTRICIDAD, ESO ERA ANTES. DESDE QUE DESCUBRIERON LA FRECUENCIA VIBRATORIA DE LA MOLECULA DE AGUA SE USA UNA PEQUENA CANTIDAD DE CORRIENTE A ESA FRECUENCIA Y DESCOMPONE LA MOLECULA DE AGUA EN HIDROGENO Y OXIGENO. PARA APRENDER SOBRE EL ASUNTO ......www.peswiki.com<, y por ultimo chequeate el concepto de "overuni...

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Auto ecológico
Toyota Prius

A pesar de la llegada de más autos híbridos con motor eléctrico y de gasolina, el Prius sigue de líder en esta categoría por sexto año consecutivo. Las 44 mpg del modelo de base es el rendimiento más alto que hemos encontrado en cualquier auto para cinco pasajeros. El modelo Touring tiene un rendimiento total de 42 mpg. Su interior es espacioso y versátil, y su confiabilidad sigue siendo excelente. El nuevo Prius con otro diseño llegará a inicios del verano, y Toyota promete incluso mayor potencia y ahorro de combustible. Precio: entre $22,000 y $24,000.

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A List of Hybrid Sedans
The first hybrid to hit the market was the original two-seat Honda Insight. Immediately, critics branded all hybrids as small and impractical. But that was back in 1999. Fast forward to today, and you'll find a long list of roomy sedans—including hybrids, diesels, and E85 flex-fuel cars—that comfortably seat five, offer plenty of storage, and all the amenities of gas-guzzling rivals. And let's not forget great gas mileage and reduced emissions, which is the point of a hybrid after all.

This photo was taken after a $860 shopping trip to Ikea. Two adults, a baby in carseat, his stroller and all the Ikea purchases, all fit in a Prius—which is considered a family sedan. Even smaller sedans, such as the Honda Fit, offer more interior space than first meets the eye. (Photo by milele via flickr.com/creativecommons.

Bigger vehicles weigh more than smaller ones—and vehicle weight is the single biggest determinant for fuel efficiency. A heavier vehicle needs more power, and thus uses more fuel to accelerate. You’ll be way ahead of the fuel economy game if you “right-size” your vehicle.

The List of Hybrid Sedans

In addition to gas-electric hybrid sedans, our sortable list also include diesels and conventional small cars—as well as plug-in hybrid and hydrogen sedans in the works.

Honda FCX Clarity

A limited number of southern Californians will have the opportunity to lease a Honda FCX Clarity in the next few years. This is the first time a customer can obtain a fuel cell car directly from a retail dealer.
74 MPG
Hydrogen
n/a
Now


Toyota Prius

The number-one selling hybrid car. The Prius is nearly synonymous with "hybrid."
46 MPG
Hybrid
$22,000
Now


2010 Honda Insight

The new Honda Insight combines practicality, affordability and top-of-the-charts fuel economy.
43 MPG
Hybrid
$19,800
Now


Honda Civic Hybrid

Fuel efficiency, full-hybrid system, and a sleek design.
42 MPG
Hybrid
$22,600
Now


Volkswagen Jetta TDI

The Volkswagen Jetta TDI offers 140 horsepower, 40-mpg on the highway, and a wagon option.
35 MPG
Diesel
$21,900
Now


Nissan Altima Hybrid

The Altima Hybrid is basically a Toyota hybrid wrapped in Nissan’s attractive packaging.
34 MPG
Hybrid
$25,100
Now


Toyota Camry Hybrid

The hybrid version of the Camry beats the fuel efficiency of the V6 version by 10 mpg.
33 MPG
Hybrid
$25,500
Now


Toyota Yaris

The Yaris is the leader of the subcompact triumvirate, which includes the Honda Fit and the Nissan Versa.
32 MPG
Small Car
$12,400
Now


Honda Fit

The Fit has a smart, but playful appearance, and a deceivingly large and versatile five-passenger interior.
31 MPG
Small Car
$14,600
Now


Toyota Corolla

Popular and practical model with fuel efficiency approaching the hybrid realm.
30 MPG
Small Car
$14,200
Now


Scion xD

Small and efficient like the xA, but edgier and more powerful.
30 MPG
Small Car
$14,500
Now


Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid

The familiar family sedan now with dramatic changes in style, refinement, and performance. And a hybrid drive.
29 MPG
Stop-Start
$22,800
Now


BMW 335d

The 3-series with a 3.0-liter biturbo inline-six diesel powerplant.
29 MPG
Diesel
$44,700
Now


Kia Rio

Plain-Jane from from front to back. The Kia Rio makes no false promises. It's affordable and efficient.
29 MPG
Small Car
$10,900
Now


Ford Focus

Comfortable, controllable, efficient, and affordable.
29 MPG
Small Car
$14,700
Now


Chevrolet Aveo

One of the cheapest cars on the market. You get what you pay for.
29 MPG
Small Car
$12,000
Now


Nissan Versa

Offered in two body styles, a sporty 5-door hatchback and a 4-door sedan, the Versa is the largest and most powerful entry-level city car.
28 MPG
Small Car
$13,600
Now


Saturn Aura Green Line

Saturn aims for hybrid affordability.
27 MPG
Stop-Start
$22,100
Now


Mercedes E320 Bluetec

The E320 Bluetec luxury sedan uses a modern diesel system to deliver efficiency and eco-friendliness.
27 MPG
Diesel
$52,300
Now


Suzuki SX4

The most affordable all-wheel-drive vehicle on the road today.
24 MPG
Small Car
$15,300
Now


Lexus GS 450h

Race-car-like acceleration, luxurious appointments, and half-way decent fuel efficiency.
23 MPG
Hybrid
$54,900
Now


Lexus LS 600h L

Lexus's 5-liter, V8, 430-horsepower luxury sedan hybrid.
21 MPG
Hybrid
$104,000
Now


Chevrolet Impala E85

The popular sedan is one of the front-running flagships of the E85 movement.
17 MPG
E85 Ethanol
$22,400
Now


Chrysler Sebring E85

America's top-selling convertible boasts a new hardtop and E85 capability.
16 MPG
E85 Ethanol
$29,300
Now


Ford Fusion Hybrid

A full-size sedan that achieves 41 mpg in the city.
39 MPG
Hybrid
$27,300
2009


Mercury Milan Hybrid

Expected to reach 38 mpg, almost doubling the city efficiency of the non-hybrid Milan.
39 MPG
Hybrid
n/a
2009


Honda Global Subcompact Hybrid

A small, practical, affordable and entirely new hybrid-only model from Honda.
n/a
n/a
2009


Lexus HS250h

Think of it as a luxury Prius with a trunk.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
2009


Hyundai Sonata Hybrid

Hyundai's first hybrid could offer efficiency above 30 mpg, for thousands below the competition.
31 MPG
Hybrid
n/a
2010


Audi A3 TDI

A step up from the Jetta TDI Sportwagen, without going as far as expensive clean diesels from Mercedes and BMW.
n/a
Diesel
$32,000
2010


Chevrolet Volt

All-electric gas-free driving for 40-mile stretches.
n/a
Plug-in Hybrid
$39,000
2010


Hyundai Accent Hybrid

Hyundai delayed development of its $15,000 45-mpg subcompact until 2009, at the earliest.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
2010


Honda Fit Hybrid

The hybrid version of the Honda subcompact could become the leader of the pack on fuel efficiency.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
2010


Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid

This eco-chic luxury sedan could be the first production vehicle with a lithium ion battery.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
2010


Cadillac Converj

An angular, sleek, luxury concept version of the Chevrolet Volt.
n/a
Plug-in Hybrid
n/a
Concept


Saab BioPower Hybrid

Saab's kitchen sink approach to solving environmental problems in cars.
n/a
E85 Ethanol
n/a
Concept


Toyota Hybrid X

The Hybrid X is a design exercise indicating the general visual direction of Toyota's hybrids.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
Concept


BMW Hydrogen 7

The BMW Hydrogen 7— essentially a 7 Series sedan—burns sub-zero liquid hydrogen in its conventional V-12 engine.
n/a
Hydrogen
n/a
Concept


Honda Accord Hybrid

The Honda Accord Hybrid emphasized power over efficiency. Honda's experiment failed, and the vehicle was discontinued in 2007.
n/a
Hybrid
n/a
Discntd

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CONTACT:
Cathy Milbourn
[e-mail]
202-564-7849

202-564-4355

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
August 7, 2009

EPA Posts Peer Review of Renewable Fuel Standards Lifecycle Analysis

WASHINGTON –The peer review of the renewable fuel standards lifecycle analysis is now available online. In May, Administrator Jackson announced the lifecycle analysis would be peer reviewed when the agency proposed its overall strategy for increasing the supply of renewable fuels.

More information on the peer review: